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Eccleshill is an area, former village, and ward in the City of Bradford Metropolitan District in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The ward population of Eccleshill is 17,540.〔 Eccleshill is a more or less completely residential urban area with very little open space〔 although there is substantial open land directly to the east. The origins of the name Eccleshill are uncertain. At the time of the ''Domesday Book'' the area was known as Egleshill either meaning 'eagles hill' or perhaps named for a Saxon landlord called Aikel or Eckil—alternatively it could mean Ecclesiastical Hill. == History == In Roman times the Eccleshill area was crossed by two lanes. One lane was from Dudley Hill via Bradford to Wrose along what is now Norman Lane.〔 The other route was from Bradford to Apperley Bridge down the road now known as Bank.〔 After the Norman Conquest the lands of Eccleshill were given to William, Earl of Warren. In 1274 ownership of lands passed to the Sheffields and in 1407 to the Bolling family of Calverley then the Scargills, Saviles, Wyatts, Zouches, Stanhopes, Hirds, and then to Jeremiah Rawson.〔 In the Middle Ages Eccleshill was shunned by church authorities after a supposed incident in which it is said a preacher was stoned to death on the main road though Eccleshill village.〔 This supposed incident is said to be the reason behind naming the main road 'Stony Lane'. The real explanation may be that the road was stony. Eccleshill Hall was built in 1713 located to the east of Stony Lane on what is now Victoria Road. The hall was demolished in 1878 and all that remains is part of the stone gatepost embedded into a roadside wall.〔 In 1775 Prospect Chapel also known as Bank Top Chapel was constructed on Lands Lane off Norman Lane. In 1776 Methodist John Wesley (1703-1791) preached there.〔 The building was in use as a chapel until 1854—today it is one of the oldest buildings in Eccleshill.〔 On the opposite side of Norman Lane is Prospect Chapel burial ground, created in 1823.〔 File:Prospect Chapel Burial Ground.jpg|Prospect Chapel Burial Ground (1825), Norman Lane File:Lands Lane - off Norman Lane - geograph.org.uk - 639586.jpg|The former Prospect Chapel * (1775), Lands Lane File:Eccleshill Hall gateposts-1000.jpg|The remains of a gatepost to Eccleshill Hall embedded in a wall On the other side of Victoria Road from the Old Mill is a row of houses and street once known as Dobby Row - a dobby being part of an early form of weaving loom - a Dobby loom, itself taking its name from a corruption of the words 'draw boy' - a weaving assistant.〔 Salem Chapel (1825) and Sunday school both now demolished, were built on Dobby Row, an event that was to prompt the renaming of the street to Chapel Street.〔 Salem Chapel burial ground remains on Chapel Street.〔 ;Industrial history The quarrying, pottery, spinning and weaving industries have been located in the area for some time but only quarrying remains today. ;Pottery In 1837, the Manor Pottery was established on a site east of the Undercliffe Road-Pullan Avenue junction by Jeremiah Rawson, Lord of the Manor, making use of a local bed of fireclay. Manor Pottery produced a salt glazed brown stoneware, household utensils, brown and cream crockery, ornaments, garden vases, busts, and statuettes although these did not bear any distinguishing marks.〔〔〔 Although the product stood comparison with other local wares, the local market for pottery was eventually supplied by better and cheaper stoneware from Staffordshire, and by 1867 the pottery had been sold to William Woodhead and production switched over to house bricks, firebricks and sewer pipes.〔〔 The kilns were shut down in the early 20th century, and in 1921 the chimney was demolished,〔 however the manor house still remains.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=British Listed Buildings )〕 ;Mills Eccleshill has a number of mills. The Old Mill on Victoria Road was a woollen mill built in the early 1800s and destroyed by fire in 1816.〔 The present building on the site is dated 1863 although parts of it date back to the early 1800s. Victoria Road was previously named Mill Lane—the renaming in 1889 was to mark Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee that year.〔 In around 1816 Union Mill on Harrogate Road was constructed for the manufacture of woollens.〔 Later a further three storey mill building was added to the south of the site. From 1892 to 1983 John Pilley and Sons owned and operated the mills〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The National Archives )〕 and so the mills became known as Pilley's Mill. Union Mills had a serious fire in 1905.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Bradford Timeline )〕 Today the buildings are a mixture of commercial and light industrial units. Tunwell Mill was built as a woollen mill near Tun Well (Town Well) directly south of Stony Lane, although today's Tunwell Mills are not the original mill building. At the north end of Stone Hall Road is a mill variously known as Stone Hall Shed and Whiteley's Mill where worsted was manufactured. Halfway down Stone Hall Road off to the west stood Victoria Mill, a worsted mill. This mill has been demolished and domestic properties now stand on the site.〔 Moorside Mills was built on Moorside Road in 1875 by John Moore for worsted spinning.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=BBC Home )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Visit Bradford )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Culture24 )〕 In 1919 two floors were added and a clock tower as a war memorial to those who had died in the First World War.〔 Ownership of the mill changed hands many times and in 1970 Bradford Metropolitan District Council bought the property from Messrs. W. & J. Whitehead to create the Bradford Industrial Museum.〔 File:Tunwell Mill, Victoria Rd-1200.jpg|The Old Mill, Victoria Road File:Former Pilley's Mill, Eccleshill-1200.jpg|Union Mills / Pilley's Mill building, Harrogate Road File:Bradford Industrial Museum 004a.jpg|Moorside Mills building (1875), Moorside Road ;Eccleshill Mechanics' Institute Eccleshill Mechanics' Institute on Stone Hall Road was built in 1868.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Bradford Timeline )〕 Charles Bottomley converted the upper floor of the Eccleshill Mechanics' Institute into a 359 seat picture hall which he named Eccleshill Picture House and then opened in 1911. Shortly after this the cinema was renamed 'Picture Palace' but closed in 1931 never running any 'talkies'.〔 Before construction of the building the institute used to meet in the now demolished school buildings at the western end of Chapel Street on a site now occupied by Eccleshill Victoria Conservative Club. ;The Railway and Eccleshill Railway Station (詳細はGreat Northern Railway opened its Laisterdyke - Shipley branch railway, a six-mile double track branch line from Quarry Gap junction in Thornbury to Shipley and Windhill railway station, passing Eccleshill, Idle and Thackley railway stations. Eccleshill railway station opened in 1875.〔 This was located just north of the rail bridge crossing over Harrogate Road. Only the embankment and abutment of one side of the rail bridge remain.〔 The former Station Hotel on Harrogate Road took its name from its proximity to the railway station. The railway station closed to passengers in 1931 although goods traffic continued on the line until 1964. Subsequently the line was taken up and the bridge demolished. ;The Palladium / Regal cinema In 1928 Ralph Dickinson created the purpose-built 1,000 seat Palladium Cinema on Norman Lane, opened in 1929.〔 Later the cinema changed ownership and in 1931 the new owner John Lambert altered the name to Regal.〔 In 1958 the cinema closed for refurbishment and updating, and reopened later that year, but closed finally in 1966.〔 Later with the construction of an extra internal floor the building was used as a bingo hall, a snooker hall and then a fitness centre.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eccleshill, West Yorkshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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